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States organized their militia by locality. Usually a militia company existed in each beat or precinct, militia companies within a county organizing in battalions and regiments. The number of regiments in a state usually numbered in the hundreds.
Depending on population in a county, there might be enough regiments (usually two) to create a brigade, two brigades forming a division. Elections were held by precinct and county for militia officers, who were expected to assemble citizens for drill according to state law.
The Governor always signed commissions issued under state authority.
Volunteer militia companies were different. Ordinarily a citizen belonged to a militia company by virtue of his residence. Unless a man was prepared to pay a fine or had an exemption from militia duty, he was expected to appear during regular drills and musters -- once monthly for companies, twice a year for battalions and regiments.
Volunteer militia companies like the "Marion Riflemen" were chartered organizations, incorporated under state law. Members were exempt from regular militia duty, but the law required more from them. Without going into detail, companies selected their own members and uniforms, elected their own officers, had their own business meetings and drills.
They could be assigned to a regular militia command as noted.
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